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Eugénie Buffet
Eugénie Buffet (1866–1934) was a French singer who rose to fame in France just prior to World War I. She has been called one of the first,〔Frith, Simon (2004). ''Chanteuse in the city: the realist singer in French film'', Routledge. p. 219-220. ISBN 0-415-29905-5〕 if not ''the'' first,〔Conway, Kelley (2004). ''Chanteuse in the city: the realist singer in French film'', University of California Press. p. 41-51. ISBN 0-520-24407-9〕 performer of the ''chanson réaliste'' (realist song) genre. She became a national sensation in France, performing in the fashionable ''cafés-concerts'' of Paris as well as embarking on both national and international tours.〔〔〔Berlanstein, Lenard R. (2001). ''Daughters of Eve: a cultural history of French theater women from the Old Regime to the fin de siècle'', Routledge. p. 203. ISBN 0-674-00596-1〕 Her biggest success is said to be her performance of the song "''La Sérénade du Pavé''" (Sidewalk Serenade), written by Jean Varney in 1895.〔 She was also known to perform in the street for charity in the poorer areas of Paris – work for which she was awarded the ''Légion d'honneur''.〔〔〔Dillaz, Serge (1991). ''Chanson sous la 3. République'', Tallandier. p. 255. ISBN 2-235-02055-0 (French text)〕
== Early life ==
Born Marie Buffet in Tlemcen, Algeria in 1866,〔Baudelaire, René. (1996). ''La chanson réaliste...'', Editions L'Harmattan. p. 49-50. ISBN 2-7384-4831-3 (French and English text)〕〔Leutrat, Jean-Louis (1994). ''La chienne de Jean Renoir'', Editions Yellow now. p. 119. ISBN 2-87340-095-1 (French text)〕 (in an area that was then known as French Algeria,) Eugénie Buffet was the daughter of a seamstress and a soldier.〔 At the age of only 6 months, her father died in a military hospital in Oran; as a result her family was quite poor.〔
At the age of 17, Buffet started acting.〔 She struggled in her early years and was living in near poverty; she had moved to Marseilles in order to perform, but she was not very successful at first and was said to have been "booed and hissed off of the stage".〔 She was worked mainly in the ''cafés-concerts'' of Marseilles, until 1886 when she became the mistress of comte Guillaume d'Oilliamson.〔〔Friang, Michèle (1998). ''Femmes fin de siècle: 1870–1914 : Augusta Holmès et Aurélie Tidjani ou la gloire interdite'', Editions Autrement. p. 256. ISBN 2-86260-821-1 (French text)〕〔Laver, James (1966). ''Manners and morals in the age of optimism, 1848–1914'', Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 240. ASIN (B0006D6E6K )〕 The wealthy French count brought Buffet with him to Paris to show off to his friends.〔 Buffet went from "near starvation" to living a fashionable Parisian life.〔〔
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